Lag

Lag
Description	Lag, also called the sliding window method, is a backshift operator function. The window width is the number of places the data points are shifted.
Why to use	Lag is used to create a new list of data points by shifting them by an integral number of places.
When to use	To create a shifted list of variables	When not to use	When the data does not contain trend or seasonal factor
Prerequisites	The dataset should contain at least one data point.
Input	Any time-series data	Output	Dataset with values moved to successive positions
Statistical Methods Used	—	Limitations	—

In Lag, no aggregation is performed on the data. The data points are shifted by an integral number of places.
The lag function is also called the sliding window method. The window width indicates the number of places the data points are shifted.
For example, a width of one (1) indicates that in the Lagged column,

the first entry is NA
subsequent entries are the same as the original column with a shift of one place. Hence in the Lagged data column, the subsequent rows are filled with the values from the previous row in the original column.